Acupuncture and Kidney and Gallstones

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چکیده

Kidney stones are small, hard deposits of mineral and acid salts that separate out from urine in the urinary tract. They can vary in size and location. While small stones can pass through the urinary system without causing symptoms, larger stones can cause serious morbidity, pain, haematuria, infection, decreased kidney function and kidney failure can cause severe pain. This pain typically starts in the side or back and radiates to lower abdomen and groin. The mechanisms of kidney stone formation are complex and involve both metabolic and environmental risk factors (Satyanand 2012).

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تاریخ انتشار 2013